Table 3

Summary of the total societal cost by cost component.
Study
 Cost Components
 Total Societal Cost
 Per Capita CAP
 CAP as % of GDP





Direct Health care
 Direct non-health care
 Productivity Losses
 Intangible Costs


Published Studies: OECD Countries
Zmirou et al [18]
 US $6.60–11.25 million (1 French franc = $0.17 in 1994)
 Not estimated.
 $5.10–8.72 million
 Not estimated.
 US $13.43–22.95 million (1 French franc = $0.17 in 1994)
 US $13.85–23.66
 Not stated.
Voorhees et al [19]
 US $6,860 million
 US $833 million
 US $6,330 million
 Not estimated.
 US $14,023 million
 N/A
 Not stated.
Navrud [22]
 Navrud estimated mean WTP per person for seven selected symptoms or illness and found that WTP per person was $376 for avoiding one additional day of symptoms, and about $1210 for 14 additional days per year.





Rozan [20]
 Doctor's visit: about US $24.91 per patient.
Drug cost: US $74.75 per patient.
 Not estimated.
 US $21,299.00 average wage loss per adult patient (yearly).
The yearly cost per student due to absenteeism is about US $3787.37.
 Mean WTP is US $46.83
On average, 50% of total cost.
 Information given in the paper does not permit calculation of the total cost.
 N/A
 N/A
Neidell [21]
 US $5.2 million
 Not estimated.
 Not estimated.
 Not estimated.
 US $5.2 million
 US $6.50
 Not stated.
Panis [23]
 Not Stated separately
 Not Stated separately
 Not Stated separately
 Not Stated separately
 $1.5 billion (approx.)
 N/A
 N/A
Unpublished Studies: OECD Countries
DSS Management Consulting inc. [24]
 US $674 million (approx)
Can $1 = US $0.674
 Not estimated.
 US $2,696 million (approx)
 US $3,370 million (approx)
 US $6,740 million (approx)
 US $612.73
 Not stated.
Vergana and the Mexico Air Quality the WB study [25]
 Total direct costs are not reported.
 Not reported.
 Total indirect costs are not reported.
 Not reported separately.
 US $760 million (approx) (in 1999 US dollars)
 US $44.71
 Not stated.
Published Studies: Non-OECD Countries
Larson et al [45]
 Not estimated.
 Not estimated.
 US $28.8–80.01 million (in 1997 US dollars)
 Estimated but not mentioned figure.
 US $28.8–80.01 million (in 1997 US dollars)
 US $19.86–55.18
 Not stated.
Alberini & Krupnick[1]
 US $510,491 (PM10 = 100 μg/m3) to US $804,298 (PM10 = 350 μg/m3) (in 1992 US dollars)
 Not estimated.
 US $117,575–244,477 (in 1992 US dollars)
 Estimated but not mentioned figure.
 US $628,074–1,048,775 (in 1992 US dollars)
 US $0.21–0.35
 Not stated.
Srivastava & Kumar [2]
 US $232.34 million (in 1997 US dollars) (1 Indian Rs = US $0.0275)
 Not estimated.
 US $76.32 million (1 Indian Rs = US $0.0275)
 Not estimated.
 US $308.66 million (1 Indian Rs = US $0.0275)
 US $19.79
 Not stated.
Quah & Boon [50]
 US $1,889 million (for morbidity). (in 1992 US dollars)
 Not estimated.
 US $1,773 million (for mortality)
 Estimated but not mentioned figure.
 US $3662 million (in 1992 US dollars)
 US $940
 4.31%
Resosudarmo & Napitupulu [48]
 US $115 million (approx) (in 1998 US dollars)
 Not estimated.
 US $65 million (approx)
 Not estimated.
 US $180 million
 US $16.36
 1%
Kan & Chen [46]
 US $67.82 million
 Not estimated
 US $557.58 million
 Estimated but not mentioned figure.
 US $625.4 million
 US $98.96
 1.03%
Deng [47]
 US $776.576(WTP) & US $180.265(HCA)
 Not estimated
 US $29.516 million (HCA)&US $197.101 million (WTP)
 Estimated but not mentioned figure.
 $974 million (according to WTP) & $210 million (according to COI)
 $70.48 (according to WTP) & $15.20 (according to COI)
 3.26%
Unpublished Studies: Non-OECD Countries
Saksena & Dayal [49]
 US $199.11 million (in 1995 US dollars) (1 Indian Rs = US $0.0253)
 Not estimated.
 US $18,783.99 million (in 1995 US dollars)
 Not estimated.
 US $18,983.10 million (in 1995 US dollars)
 Lower estimates: US $2,000 for females and US $1,400 for males
 Not stated.
Report of Environment protection Department, Hong Kong [51]
 US $33.02–57.79 million (in 1998 US dollars) (1 HK $ = US $0.129)
 Not estimated.
 US $437.66–462.43 million (in 1998 US dollars) (1 HK $ = US $0.129)
 Estimated but not mentioned figure.
 US $495.45 million (approx) (in 1998 US dollars) (1 HK $ = US $0.129)
 US $78.52
 0.35%

Pervin et al. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2008 6:19   doi:10.1186/1478-7547-6-19

Open Data