Table 3

Frequency of Use of Pain Medications
Pain Medications
 Diabetes (N = 55,972)
 Diabetic Neuropathy (N = 2,146)
 Diabetes and Depression (N = 2,379)
 P-Value


N
 %
 N
 %
 N
 %
 DM v DN
 DM v DD
 DN v DD
Antidepressants








     SSRI
 3,376
 6.03
 536
 24.98
 1,346
 56.58
 *
 *
 *
     Tricyclic
 1,884
 3.37
 366
 17.05
 354
 14.88
 *
 *
 **
     Venlafaxine
 271
 0.48
 58
 2.70
 216
 9.08
 *
 *
 *
     Bupropion
 750
 1.34
 109
 5.08
 333
 14.00
 *
 *
 *
     Other Antidepressant
 641
 1.15
 127
 5.92
 414
 17.40
 *
 *
 *
     Any Antidepressant
 5,979
 10.68
 887
 41.33
 1,715
 72.09
 *
 *
 *
Anticonvulsant








     Gabapentin
 867
 1.55
 286
 13.33
 197
 8.28
 *
 *
 *
     Other Anticonvulsant
 911
 1.63
 137
 6.38
 273
 11.48
 *
 *
 *
     Any Anticonvulsant
 1,669
 2.98
 388
 18.08
 414
 17.40
 *
 *
 0.4693
Skeletal-Muscle Relaxants
 3,623
 6.47
 349
 16.26
 404
 16.98
 *
 *
 0.6165
Non-Narcotics
 1,018
 1.82
 88
 4.10
 134
 5.63
 *
 *
 **
Narcotics








     Oxycodone
 2,789
 4.98
 370
 17.24
 353
 14.84
 *
 *
 ***
     Tramadol
 1,043
 1.86
 129
 6.01
 144
 6.05
 *
 *
 0.9949
     Codeine
 3,128
 5.59
 300
 13.98
 306
 12.86
 *
 *
 0.2611
     Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
 5,545
 9.91
 528
 24.60
 645
 27.11
 *
 *
 ***
     Proxyphene
 3,374
 6.03
 350
 16.31
 369
 15.51
 *
 *
 0.5303
     Other Narcotics
 1,051
 1.88
 121
 5.64
 150
 6.31
 *
 *
 0.2740
     Any Narcotics
 12,383
 22.12
 1,065
 44.63
 1,152
 48.42
 *
 *
 0.6036
NSAIDs








     Cox-2
 4,445
 7.94
 355
 16.54
 407
 17.11
 *
 *
 0.7753
     Other NSAID
 10,005
 17.88
 761
 35.46
 823
 34.59
 *
 *
 0.7367
     Any NSAID
 12,839
 22.94
 938
 43.71
 1,040
 43.72
 *
 *
 1.00

*P-value ≤ 0.0001; **P-value ≤ 0.001; ***P-value ≤ 0.05

P values based on Tukey-Kramer method to adjust for multiple comparisons.

Le et al. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2006 4:18   doi:10.1186/1478-7547-4-18

Open Data