Table 1

Patient Characteristics
Patient Characteristic
 Diabetes (N = 55,972)
 Diabetic Neuropathy (N = 2,146)
 Diabetes and Depression (N = 2,379)
 P-Values


Mean
 Std Dev
 Mean
 Std Dev
 Mean
 Std Dev
 DM v DN
 DM v DD
 DN v DD
Mean Age
 46.67
 15.53
 50.69
 13.35
 47.05
 12.99
 *
 0.4626
 *










Sex
 N
 %
 N
 %
 N
 %


     Female
 27,229
 48.65
 1,043
 48.60
 1,501
 6.39
 0.9991
 *
 *
     Male
 28,743
 51.35
 1,103
 51.40
 878
 36.91
 0.9991
 *
 *










Region








     East
 12,134
 21.68
 273
 12.72
 282
 11.85
 *
 *
 0.7533
     Midwest
 17,044
 30.45
 813
 37.88
 1,100
 46.24
 *
 *
 *
     South
 21,468
 38.35
 902
 42.03
 592
 24.88
 ***
 *
 *
     West
 5,362
 9.52
 158
 7.36
 405
 17.02
 ***
 *
 *










Payment Type








     Commercial
 17,820
 31.84
 670
 31.22
 875
 36.78
 0.8196
 *
 **
     Medicaid
 1,143
 2.04
 45
 2.10
 188
 7.90
 0.9846
 *
 *
     Medicaid Risk
 4,158
 7.43
 242
 11.28
 137
 5.76
 *
 ***
 *
     Self-Insured
 10,748
 19.20
 249
 11.60
 189
 7.94
 *
 *
 ***
     Other
 22,103
 37.49
 940
 43.80
 990
 41.61
 **
 0.0952
 0.2898










Comorbidities








     Hypertension
 13,578
 24.27
 975
 45.43
 1,076
 48.23
 *
 *
 0.9863
     Hyperlipidemia
 5,354
 9.57
 440
 20.50
 494
 20.77
 *
 *
 0.9549
     Cardiovascular Disease
 4,457
 7.96
 565
 26.33
 494
 20.77
 *
 *
 *
     Ischemic Heart Disease
 2,737
 4.89
 342
 15.94
 313
 13.16
 *
 *
 *
     Obesity
 1,668
 2.98
 130
 6.06
 236
 9.92
 *
 *
 *
     Retinopathy
 910
 1.63
 299
 13.93
 168
 7.06
 *
 *
 *
     Cataracts
 840
 1.50
 119
 5.55
 109
 4.58
 *
 *
 ***
     Diabetic Retinopathy
 787
 1.41
 281
 13.09
 150
 6.31
 *
 *
 *
     Nephropathy
 374
 0.67
 110
 5.13
 60
 2.52
 *
 *
 *
     Osteoporosis
 372
 0.66
 43
 2.00
 46
 1.93
 *
 *
 0.9603
     Arteriosclerosis
 259
 0.46
 86
 4.01
 42
 1.77
 *
 *
 *
     Blindness
 45
 0.08
 8
 0.37
 7
 0.29
 *
 ***
 0.6792
     Gangrene
 37
 0.07
 32
 1.49
 8
 0.34
 *
 **
 *
     Dialysis
 15
 0.04
 8
 0.37
 3
 0.13
 *
 0.0572
 **

*P-value ≤ 0.0001; **P-value ≤ 0.001; ***P-value ≤ 0.05.

P values based on Tukey-Kramer method to adjust for multiple comparisons.

Le et al. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2006 4:18   doi:10.1186/1478-7547-4-18
Open Data